Published

US Banking Concentration

4,408 FDIC-insured banks · $25.5 trillion in assets · How few control how much

$25.5T
Total Banking Assets
4,408
FDIC-Insured Banks
39%
Top 4 Banks' Share
$20.2T
Total Deposits
$13.4T
Total Loans
52%
Top 10 Banks' Share

Key Findings

🏦
4 banks hold 39% of all US banking assets
JPMorgan Chase ($3.75T), Bank of America ($2.64T), Citibank ($1.84T), and Wells Fargo ($1.82T) together control $10.05 trillion — more than the GDP of every country except the US and China.
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The top 10 cross the 50% threshold
Just 10 banks out of 4,408 hold over half of all US banking assets. The remaining 4,398 institutions share the other 48% — a textbook oligopoly with a long tail.
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$20.2 trillion in deposits, mostly at the top
Total US bank deposits stand at $20.2 trillion. The top 4 banks hold roughly $8.9 trillion of that — meaning nearly 1 in 2 deposit dollars sits at JPMorgan, BofA, Citi, or Wells.
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Loan-to-deposit ratios reveal strategy
Banks like JPMorgan and Wells Fargo deploy 50–60% of deposits as loans. Goldman Sachs Bank and Morgan Stanley Bank deploy far less — they're using deposit charters for funding, not traditional lending.
🗺️
Delaware and South Dakota punch far above their weight
Two small states charter a disproportionate share of US banking assets due to favorable regulations. Citibank, Wells Fargo, TD Bank, Capital One, and Ally are all chartered in SD or DE.
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8 orders of magnitude separate largest from smallest
The largest bank (JPMorgan, $3.75T) is roughly 10 million times larger than the smallest community banks (under $1M in assets). No other industry has this kind of size dispersion.

Data Sources

FDIC BankFind
4,408 institutions · Q4 2025
Call report financials
FDIC Institutions API
Active banks only · May 2026
Names, states, charter types
Note: All figures are from FDIC call reports as of Q4 2025. This analysis covers FDIC-insured depository institutions only — it excludes investment banks, credit unions, insurance companies, and asset managers operating outside the deposit-taking framework.
US Banking Concentration · Source: FDIC BankFind (call reports, Q4 2025) · Published May 2026